云南省德宏州美沙酮维持治疗者丙型肝炎病毒新发感染率及影响因素研究

目的了解云南省德宏州美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)就诊者中丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)新发感染率及其危险因素.方法将2005年6月至2012年3月德宏州所有入组MMT且HCV检测阴性的海洛因成瘾者作为研究对象,观察其HCV阳转情况,计算HCV新发感染率并运用Cox比例风险回归模型分析其影响因素.结果共2390名对象符合队列纳入标准.其中731人(30.6%)入组MMT后未接受随访检测;1659人(69.4%)接受过至少一次随访检测,累计随访观察3509.13人年,期间99人发生HCV抗体阳转,HCV新发感染率为2.82/100人年.2006-2011年HCV新发感染率依次为3.62/100人年、5.36/100人年、6.71/100人年、2.56/100人年、1.90/100人年和0.44/100人年.运用Cox比例风险模型多因素分析显示,在控制混杂因素的影响后,待业/无业、入组前曾注射毒品、入组时HIV检测确认阳性者在MMT治疗期间新发HCV感染风险显著高于农民、入组前未注射毒品和入组时HIV检测阴性者(HR =2.02,95%CI:1.18 ～ 3.48;HR=9.05,95%CI:5.49 ～ 14.93;HR=2.12,95%CI:1.37 ～ 3.56).结论德宏州MMT就诊者中HCV新发感染率自2009年起逐年下降,但职业为待业/无业、入组前曾注射毒品和HIV感染者其HCV新发感染的风险较高.     

More improvement than progression of liver fibrosis following antiretroviral therapy in a longitudinal cohort of HIV‐infected patients with or without HBV and HCV co‐infections

We examined the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on liver fibrosis among HIV‐infected patients with or without hepatitis B (HBV) or C virus (HCV) co‐infection. This was a retrospective cohort study of HIV‐infected patients receiving cART during 2004‐2016. Liver fibrosis was assessed using Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) score with three classifications: Class 1, <1.45; Class 2, 1.45‐3.25; Class 3, >3.25. Of 3900 participants, 68.6% were HIV mono‐infected, 5.3% were HIV/HBV co‐infected, 23.8% were HIV/HCV co‐infected and 2.3% were HIV/HBV/HCV co‐infected. Participants received follow‐up treatment (median was 3.3 years). Improvement to a lower class was observed in Class 2 (52.6%) and Class 3 (74.2%), respectively. Progression to a higher class was observed in 12.8% and 5.0% in Class 1 and Class 2, respectively, and with a median time of 5.7 months. For improvement to lower classes, older age, male, Dai ethnicity, injection drug use, HCV co‐infection and tenofovir for treatment were negative predictors, but in Class 3 of FIB‐4 and time‐updated increases in CD4 count from baseline were positive predictors. For progression to higher classes, older age, male, Jingpo ethnicity and HCV co‐infection were positive predictors, while baseline CD4 count and in Class 2 of FIB‐4 were negative predictors. Improvement to lower class linked with decreased mortality risk among patients in Class 3. Early cART initiation for HIV‐infected patients with and without hepatitis co‐infections may mitigate or slow down some of liver fibrosis, but special attention should be given to those who are older, male, co‐infected with HCV.